Fixed. Thank you.

Mitchell,

From the paper:

> Lupin contains lower amounts of both fats and antinutritional compounds than soybean (Duranti et al. 2008) and has non-gen- etically modified status. The presence of the bitter-tasting neurotoxic alkaloids is a main issue that limits the use of lupin-based foods. The lowest alkaloids content is reported in L. albus varieties (Reinhard et al. 2006; Boschin et al. 2008), whereas the highest in L. mutabilis (Hatzold et al. 1983). However, low-alkaloid lupin varieties are available (Wink et al. 1995, 2011; Kouris-Blazos & Belski 2016). The maximum permitted level of quinolizidine alkaloid content in lupin flours and foods was set at 0.02%. The daily intake of alkaloid for humans was suggested as 0.035 mg/kg body weight/day (ANZFA 2001). Rhizopus spp. fermentation has been reported as an effective to reduce the presence of alkaloids (Jimenez- Martınez et al. 2007; Ortega-David & Rodrıguez- Stouvenel 2013) and of other undesirable compounds (Fudiyansyah et al. 1995) in lupin.

> Tempeh has been described as one of the first plant-derived food containing relevant amounts of vitamin B12 (2–40 ng/g dry weight) (Liem et al. 1977; Bisping et al. 1993; Keuth & Bisping 1994). However, it has been shown that the vitamin was produced not by the R. oligosporus starter culture used, since this species is incapable to synthesise it (Keuth & Bisping 1993), but by contaminating bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii (Keuth & Bisping 1994), Bacillus megaterium and Streptomyces olivaceus (Krusong et al. 1991).

> Attempts to increase the vitamin B12 content of soyabean tempeh have reported by using R. oligosporus cofermentation with C. freundii (Denter & Bisping 1994; Wiesel et al. 1997) or Propionibacterium shermanii (Krusong et al. 1991). The vitamin B12 levels in these cofermentations reached about 59ng/g dry weight and 1.85ng/g dry weight, respectively. On the contrary, cofermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum was not effective, since the content of vitamin B12 was less than 1ng/g dry weight (Mo et al. 2013).

> In this work, we investigated the possibility of producing a tempeh analogue containing high amounts of vitamin B12 using seeds of different lupin species, namely L. albus, L. angustifolius and L. mutabilis, while also monitoring any decrease in alkaloid levels.